All evidence and true science points to the use of high-tech weaponry involved in the destruction of the WTC complex (all 7 buildings) on 9/11
This fact is too big, too awful for most sheeples’ minds.
Are you a sleeping sheeple, or are you able and willing to look and comprehend?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MU0v-Z7MTH8
Brookhaven National Labs (BNL) implicated as “the gun” or source of Directed Energy Weapon high-frequency molecular disruption that was used to dustify all seven of the WTC trade towers on 9/11
ww3, nwo, un, bnl, dew, particle beam weapons, physics, tesla, science, energy, okc, 911, dr judy wood, deps.org, twa800
[url]https://www.youtube.com/user/Enterthe5t4rz/discussion[/url]
We FOUND the Energy Weapon That Destroyed the TWIN TOWERS
[url]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MU0v-Z7MTH8[/url]
Re your video “BREAKING: We FOUND the Energy Weapon That Destroyed the TWIN TOWERS” here [url]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MU0v-Z7MTH8[/url]
See this info — [url]http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/montauk/esp_montauk_18.htm[/url] — 9/11 was not the first time Brookhaven Natl Lab was implicated in directed energy weapon attack — and for all those nitwits who scream ‘no such thing’, silence them with [url]http://deps.org[/url] the Direct Energy Professional Society, formed in 1999, years before 9/11, with huge military contractors not hiding but selling books, classes, memberships! Clearly, there are, and long have been, MANY such things as directed energy weapons!
Have you looked at [url]http://dutchsinse.com[/url] and specifically his findings of HAARP info at stanford and other .edu’s — used for weather manipulation; see also NEXRAD causing localized storms at airports. see also [url]http://geoengineeringwatch.org[/url] and [url]http://stopthecrime.net[/url]
BNL’s RHIC is now (2015) second only to CERN but in the past it was the most powerful ion accelerator — “Producing collisions 10 times more powerful than those at CERN, the RHIC facility currently boasts four advanced detectors – BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS and STAR – for the study of particles produced by the collisions. The eventual goal is to achieve energies of 100 GeV per nucleon in each of the two heavy-ion beams. “By means of extraordinarily high energy nuclear collisions, RHIC will act as a giant pressure cooker, producing temperatures and particle densities tens of thousands of times greater than exist now even at the center of stars,” says Brookhaven physicist Tom Ludlam.” [url]http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200008/rhic.cfm[/url]
This is quite interesting also: “In 2010, RHIC physicists published results of temperature measurements from earlier experiments which concluded that temperatures in excess of 345 MeV (4 terakelvins or 7 trillion degrees Fahrenheit) had been achieved in gold ion collisions, and that these collision temperatures resulted in the breakdown of “normal matter” and the creation of a liquid-like quark-gluon plasma.” [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_Heavy_Ion_Collider[/url] —note the key phrase: “resulted in the breakdown of “normal matter””
Northrop Grumman (also on [url]http://deps.org[/url] as creator of Directed Energy Weapons) did major construction at BNL, specifically the RHIC ion accelerator — [url]https://www.bnl.gov/magnets/magnet_files/Publications/BNL-72167.pdf[/url]
Note the part about RF dipole — could this explain the apparent need for the central tower in the RHIC ring? “After earning her Ph.D. at Indiana University in 1999 with a thesis on “Overcoming intrinsic spin resonance by using an RF dipole,” that won her the American Physical Society Division of Particles and Beams’ “Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Award,” Bai joined the Lab that year as a research associate on the RHIC project. She accepted an associate scientist position in 2001 and was promoted to scientist in 2005.” [url]https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=21732[/url]
“About 500 people were involved in the design and construction of RHIC, commissioned in 1999. ” [url]https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=1672[/url]
in another hilariously AMAZING coincidence — the collider-accelerator division at BNL is in … building 911 ! see bottom of left-hand column on this page [url]https://www.bnl.gov/cad/[/url]
at the bottom of this same page is this “One of ten national laboratories overseen and primarily funded by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Brookhaven National Laboratory conducts research in the physical, biomedical, and environmental sciences, as well as in energy technologies and national security. Brookhaven Lab also builds and operates major scientific facilities available to university, industry and government researchers. Brookhaven is operated and managed for DOE’s Office of Science by Brookhaven Science Associates, a limited-liability company founded by the Research Foundation for the State University of New York on behalf of Stony Brook University, the largest academic user of Laboratory facilities, and Battelle, a nonprofit, applied science and technology organization.” — note the reference to BATTELLE — if you don’t know who that is, you are seriously behind.
scientific staff list at BNL collider/accelerator [url]https://www.bnl.gov/cad/ScientificStaff.pdf[/url]
If you were employed by a massive mil-ind contractor, say BATTELLE or NORTHROP, and you went to BNL for “beam time”, you could actually buy beam time to run your experiment — see [url]https://www.bnl.gov/ps/userguide/[/url] at the bottom — now, this is for the light synchrotron dept, but, having been built in 1947 and ramped up in the late 90s (just in time for 9/11/2001), the RHIC and ion collider/accelerator depts were most definitely selling ‘beam time’ and facility usage also. In fact, it is one of their major purposes, to support industry: “Brookhaven was originally conceived, in part, to establish a national laboratory in the Northeastern United States to design, construct and operate large scientific machines that individual institutions could not afford to develop on their own.” [url]https://www.bnl.gov/about/history/[/url]
Also coincidentally, but exceptionally conveniently, BNL also has a weather modification program in operating full swing, complete with “targeted cloud processes” pictures and diagrams — [url]https://www.bnl.gov/envsci/cloud/[/url] — so, presumably, taking control of the massive monster class-3 Hurricane Erin (that was kept super secret by all controlled mass media, see [url]http://thezog.info[/url] for proof of total tribal control) that waited around just 200 miles off-shore of NYC all day on 9/11 … well, that probably would have been child’s play. Hurricane Erin, it is presumed, could have provided the necessary high-voltage gradient field (between the ground and the ionosphere) into which the microwave or high-frequency ion pulsed beam was fired, in the general vicinity (to within 30 feet around and, according to your calculations here [url]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsQW333AMMc[/url] about 1,000 feet above) of the WTC complex on 9/11. Complete data for the massive class-3 monster Hurricane Erin of 9/11 infamy, for the dimwits and deniers, is still on noaa.gov and summarized here [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Erin_(2001)[/url] minus any conspiratorial taint, of course.
And now, since 9/11 has been done, and the major purpose of the RHIC at BNL has been realized, and lots of (tax) money been made, it’s time to close it down, which is just what these folks have been studiously up to — [url]http://www.rhicuec.org/[/url]
Coincidentally, there happens to be a full chemtrail research division also at BNL! “The Aerosol Chemistry & Microphysics Group is focused on improving process-level understanding of aerosol formation and evolution mechanisms, aerosol absorption, and the direct and indirect influences that aerosols have on clouds, precipitation and climate.” They’re so busy, working to benefit you!! [url]https://www.bnl.gov/envsci/aerosol/[/url] — for a very different take on things — see [url]http://geoengineeringwatch.org[/url] and [url]http://stopthecrime.net[/url] and [url]http://dutchsinse.com[/url]
the big ring is the RHIC — see CERN’s info on BNL [url]http://pdg.web.cern.ch/pdg/cpep/brookhaven.html[/url] and the building on the ring that the beam would cross on its way to the 911 WTC houses what’s called the PHENIX experiment. Interesting reference to the mythical bird, going up in flames, before being reborn from its own ashes. Hmm. CERN with its Shiva death-goddess statue (and ridiculous dance – have you seen THAT youtube?). Since when did all the nerdy types go so head-long into ancient occulted world history and mythology? We see this same thing almost without exception. Almost as if there’s some sort of conspiracy afoot!
look at this interesting picture of the PHENIX experiment (which is exceedingly, surprisingly rare), we see that the “ring” appears to be buried under an earthen mound. The actual beam carriers are very small and flexible, so “aiming” them – say, to a prism or beam splitter that ultimately points at a distant target outside the ring, say the 911 WTC complex – would present no insurmountable problem. Nearly every scientist involved is a Ph.D. for godssake!
For the doubters no doubt wondering if the accelerated ion beam (“cannon”) could possibly be taken out of the ring, this important feat was achieved in 1953: “The Cosmotron was the first accelerator in the world to send particles to energies in the billion electron volt, or GeV, region. The machine reached its full design energy of 3.3 GeV in 1953. Not only was the Cosmotron the world’s highest energy accelerator, it was also the first synchrotron to provide an external beam of particles for experimentation outside the accelerator itself.” [url]https://www.bnl.gov/about/history/accelerators.php[/url]
The RHIC ion cannon beam blaster, necessary to disrupt the high-voltage energy gradient established by Hurricane Erin adjacent to the WTC trade towers complex, and thus cause the molecular dissociation seen to the powderize or dustify the towers into dust in mid-air, went live in 2000, with plenty of time to spare for those who so mischievously diverted the ion beam on 9/11, point it at the trade towers on 61.11 miles away — “The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), which recreates ultra-hot matter that existed at the dawn of time, achieved its first successful operation in the summer of 2000, capping ten years of development. However, the history of RHIC stretches back more than 30 years beginning with an idea for a machine called the Intersecting Storage Accelerator.” [url]https://www.bnl.gov/about/history/accelerators.php[/url] — for those who might insist it’s ‘not possible’ to see the distant trade towers because of earth curvature, skylines over 60 miles distant have been photographed: [url]https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=flat+earth+chicago+skyline[/url] — do you really think an ultra-high powered beam would have any problem travelling that distance? Consider than any hand-held el-cheap green LASER pen will easily travel 5 miles under any conditions.
Important questions to research — (1) who was in-charge at BNL’s RHIC leading up to and probably during 9/11 ? (2) What mil-ind contractors were on-site at around 9/11, and what experiments were they operating or involved in, particularly concerning RHIC ? (3) What was going on at the secretive Dept of Energy campus in Germantown, Maryland on and around 9/11 ? (4) Explore the energy demands on 9/11 drawn from nearby Shoreham nuclear power station dedicated to feeding BNL. The NIST (NBS) was a hot-bed of activity on the morning of 9/11, BEFORE the “attacks” took place.
Tidbit: “In 1946, representatives from nine major eastern universities — Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Princeton, University of Pennsylvania, University of Rochester, and Yale — formed a nonprofit corporation to establish a new nuclear-science facility, and they chose a surplus army base “way out on Long Island” as the site. Thus, Brookhaven National Laboratory was born. On March 21, 1947, the U.S. War Department transferred the site of Camp Upton on Long Island to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), the predecessor to the present U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The AEC provided the initial funding for Brookhaven’s research into the peaceful uses of the atom, with the goal of improving public well-being.” [url]http://www.qualitymag.com/articles/91743[/url] – exacting-precision-for-the-national-synch rotron-light-source-ii
For those doubters who might scream “but, but the ion particle beam would be scattered by the atmosphere”: the BNL / TWA800 analysis makes this important observation: “another installation located along this same particle beam alignment, known as the NSLS (national synchrotron light source) also visible in the previous photo. This facility uses an electron (ring) accelerator to produce high power ultraviolet laser light. The laser beam serves two purposes. At low power, it’s used for target acquisition and tracking. However it’s primary (high power) function is to create a partial vacuum “tunnel” through the atmosphere to the target. This allows the particle beam to travel without attenuation or scattering by air molecules.” [url]http://www.whale.to/b/brookhaven_analysis.html[/url] — and there’s this, to all those who might scream, ‘but but you could never keep a secret this big secret!”: “The facilities listed in this analysis are examples of the “dual use” doctrine. In other words, these facilities comprise an advanced particle beam weapon system, disguised as legitimate scientific research laboratories. The majority of scientists and technicians working at this site have no idea their efforts are being used to conceal such a sinister purpose. To hide this monstrous device behind a facade of innocent scientific pursuit, is typical of the people and organizations that have created the covert underground infrastructure in America.”
regarding wikipediot’s entry on twa 800, it makes an exceedingly rare mention of a conspiracy theory — presumably the inane one of a missile attack, to distract from the particle beam / directed energy weaponry reality — [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWA_Flight_800[/url]
from the FERMILAB complex (center of main accelerator ring) to the Al Murrah Building in OKC (which Dr Judy Wood also identified as hit by Directed Energy Weapons, due to similarities of building damage and “toasted cars”) is approx 666 miles — ten times the distance, but according to wikip’s list of accelerators, FERMILAB’s TEVATRON blasters are 10 times more powerful (“Beam energy”) than BNL’s [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accelerators_in_particle_physics[/url] — Conveniently, it is a direct straight-line shot, there are no big cities (or any cities) or any tall buildings in between FERMILAB and (possible) Murrah Building target. …just noticing patterns.
Anomalous levels of Tritium detected at WTC after 911 [url]https://startpage.com/do/search?query=tritium+detected%2C+wtc%2C+911[/url] (specifically [url]https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/241096.pdf[/url] )and, utterly coincidentally, tritium contamination also detected at BNL, due to ion beam misalignment [url]http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2008/pdfs/8080.pdf[/url]
Brookhaven National Labs (and their heavy ion blaster — maybe offering the source of RF interference like what John Hutchison injects with his 1960s surplus navy gear when he recreates the metal ‘melting’ weird fires and cold vaporization (molecular dissociation) all seen on 911 — and of course the kept-super-secret class-3 monster Hurricane Erin that sat all day on 9/11 only 200 miles away (as still documented on noaa.gov website and on drjudywood.com) possibly provided the high-voltage gradient also described by John Hutchison in his lab recreations of 911 phenomena) has been implicated, geomantically, to within 30 feet — WTC towers were aligned to 119 degrees (911 backwards), built in 1947, same year as BNL. BNL accelerator ring is 61.11 miles away, DIRECTLY in line with WTC (straight line goes from center of WTC complex directly over top dead center of BNL ion ring, into a building presumably housing an ion gun apparatus, antenna, etc). BNL was also implicated in ion-gun destruction of TWA flight 800. The shit keeps collecting, adding up. BNL is also tilted (yes) so its “gun” (outlet for accelerated ions) can be pointed directly at the WTC complex, clearing all other buildings. See the calculations and info yourself [url]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsGhZcaH-rs[/url]
Comments
61.1 Miles & 119 Degrees to September 11: How the World Trade Center Was Destroyed
[url]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsQW333AMMc[/url]
9/11 SMOKING GUN: Weapon Angles Up To Space 1000 Feet Over Twin Towers
[url]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsGhZcaH-rs[/url]
9/11 BURNED CARS “POINT” to BROOKHAVEN Energy Weapon
[url]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6KlQ6fIuDE[/url]
Sci American describes pending closing of BNL RHIC (now that its main purpose is finished – the destruction of WTC trade towers complex in NYC)
[url]http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/04/rhic-shutdown-particle-collider_n_2610840.html[/url]
By John Matson
In a narrowly decided vote, an advisory panel to federal nuclear science agencies has recommended closing a particle collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, N.Y., rather than eliminating other costly facilities. The reason: federal budget woes are hitting all types of government funding from classroom education to highway repair.
At a meeting this week of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee, which provides guidance to the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation, physicist Robert Tribble of Texas A&M University in College Station unveiled the findings of an effort he led to identify priorities for an increasingly frugal U.S. nuclear science program. From the outset of the Tribble panel’s investigation, it appeared that one of three major projects would face elimination, and on January 28 Tribble announced that Brookhaven’s Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider, or RHIC, had drawn the short straw.
Tribble explained that under flat budgets or even with annual increases for inflation, it would not be possible to operate RHIC while also building the planned Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University and completing upgrades to the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Virginia.
The Tribble panel recommended finishing the CEBAF upgrades as the highest priority, and RHIC lost in a narrow runoff with FRIB for second place. “The subcommittee vote, while closely split, resulted in a slight preference for the choice that proceeds with FRIB,” Tribble reported.
The possibly soon-to-be-shuttered RHIC smashes gold ions or protons together at high speed to generate new particles or new states of matter. And although RHIC is much smaller than the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Europe, and much less powerful, nuclear physicists argue that the U.S. machine has the capability to address science questions that are inaccessible anywhere else. “If we close RHIC now, we lose all collider leadership–not just the high-energy frontier–to CERN,” Tribble said, referring to the European particle physics laboratory that operates the LHC. After a series of closures in the past five years, RHIC stands as the only remaining particle collider in the U.S. The project, which costs the Department of Energy about $160 million a year to operate, employs some 750 people.
“It’s the most versatile collider in the world,” says Steven Vigdor, who recently stepped down as Brookhaven’s associate laboratory director for nuclear and particle physics. RHIC can accelerate and smash together beams of protons with aligned spins, much like two spiraling footballs colliding in midair. “That enables a program that is absolutely unique for trying to understand how the spin of the proton arises from its constituents, the quarks and gluons,” Vigdor says. The collider also may help determine how the hot, primordial soup of quarks and gluons produced in particle collisions condenses into the protons and neutrons that make up our world. “One would like to understand where the transition is between normal matter and quark-gluon matter,” Vigdor says, adding that some aspects of that transition “can only really be studied in the RHIC energy range.”
In his presentation, Tribble noted that closing any of the three large nuclear physics facilities would leave a gaping hole in the field. “If we are dealing with no-growth budgets, it’s pretty clear that we will lose a major facility that supports or will support more than a quarter of the nuclear science workforce,” he said. “We’ll leave on the table many discoveries that we hope to make in the next decade in our field.” Speaking for himself and not for the subcommittee, Tribble added that he felt such action would spell “disaster.”
“Nuclear physics is not in the position where we have a facility that’s a large facility that has pretty much done what it wants to do,” he said. “It may be a blessing and a curse that we’re in that mode, but we have a very, very vibrant program ahead of RHIC, we have a very vibrant program ahead of CEBAF and we have a very vibrant program that requires FRIB. There are no easy choices.”
His subcommittee therefore endorsed a “modest growth” budget scenario, under which all three programs could continue, albeit at a diminished level. “If we can avoid having to cut off an arm or a leg, then I think we’ll be much better off,” he said. It falls to elected officials in Washington to determine whether such growth can be accommodated within federal science budgets.
Not surprisingly, perhaps, scientists associated with the facility in New York State are still hoping they could get a reprieve. “I think that it’s not clear yet what these recommendations will ultimately mean for Brookhaven or RHIC’s future,” says Doon Gibbs, Brookhaven’s interim laboratory director, adding that the directors of all three labs have agreed to work together to stave off cuts to nuclear physics. “This was a call to arms not just for RHIC but for the nuclear physics community.”
BRAHMS is the suspected “gun” position (using the PHENIX as the aiming point, after passing over the tower at the center of the RHIC, on the beam’s way to WTC complex) — here’s an article on who’s who, what’s what at BRAHMS:
[url]http://archive.sciencewatch.com/ana/st/hadron/11febSThadBNL/[/url]
FLEMMING VIDEBAEK ON BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LAB’S BRAHMS EXPERIMENT
In our Special Topics analysis of hadron colliders research over the past decade, the work coming out of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) ranks at #1 by total cites, #2 by number of papers, and #20 by cites per paper, based on 1,529 papers cited a total of 27,320 times.
Among the 681 institutions comprising the top 1% in the field of Physics in Essential Science IndicatorsSM from Thomson Reuters, BNL ranks at #20. Their current record in this field includes 4,104 papers cited 98,631 times between January 1, 2000 and October 31, 2010.
ScienceWatch.com has conducted a series of interviews with representatives of the various projects at BNL that have contributed to its citation record, particularly with regard to hadron collider research. The first of these is the BRAHMS experiment. Among BNL’s papers in our Special Topic, 55 papers with 732 cites dealt with BRAHMS in some way; one of these papers is ranked at #5 on the 10-year paper list.
CORRESPONDENT GARY TAUBES TALKS WITH DR. FLEMMING VIDEBAEK ABOUT THE BRAHMS EXPERIMENT AND ITS PARTICULAR CONTRIBUTIONS TO HADRON COLLIDER RESEARCH.
SW: When did you join the BRAHMS experiment?
I’ve been here at Brookhaven since 1990, when the construction of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) was just getting started. I soon got involved in preparing the original proposal for BRAHMS with the heavy ion research group that at the time was led by Ole Hansen, and have been the spokesperson since then.
SW: What does BRAHMS stand for, and can you tell us about the history of the experiment and what sets BRAHMS apart from the other three RHIC detectors?
BRAHMS stands for Broad Range Hadron Magnetic Spectrometers. When we were first getting ready to propose an experiment for RHIC, we had also talked with the physicists who were forming the STAR experiment–basically a group from Berkeley–and we decided to go our own way. The experiment we had worked on before at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at Brookhaven was on the order of 50 or 60 people, and we felt this was a comfortable size for an experimental group. The idea, more or less, was to use some of the techniques we used at the AGS but scale them up for RHIC.
Initially we wanted to look mainly at particle production and a broad range of angles. STAR and PHENIX, initially, measured particles around 90 degrees–or perpendicular to the direction of the colliding beams–with a large solid angle, near what is called mid-rapidity.
The Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR) is a detector which specializes in tracking the thousands of particles produced by each ion collision at RHIC. Weighing 1,200 tons and as large as a house, STAR is a massive detector. It is used to search for signatures of the form of matter that RHIC was designed to create: the quark-gluon plasma. It is also used to investigate the behavior of matter at high energy densities by making measurements over a large area.A view of the superconducting magnets at Brookhaven’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. As gold particles zip along the collider’s 2.4 mile long tunnel at nearly the speed of light, 1,740 of these magnets guide and focus the particle beams.
STAR Detector
COURTESY OF BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY
A view of the superconducting magnets at Brookhaven’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. As gold particles zip along the collider’s 2.4 mile long tunnel at nearly the speed of light, 1,740 of these magnets guide and focus the particle beams.
The Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR) is a detector which specializes in tracking the thousands of particles produced by each ion collision at RHIC. Weighing 1,200 tons and as large as a house, STAR is a massive detector. It is used to search for signatures of the form of matter that RHIC was designed to create: the quark-gluon plasma. It is also used to investigate the behavior of matter at high energy densities by making measurements over a large area.
The interview series with Brookhaven National Labs >
What we wanted to explore were measurements that would see how this particle production looked in detail when we moved from 90 degrees to as far forward angles as we possibly could. So the experiment was designed to measure down to about 2 degrees from the beamline
In order to do this within the constraints of the funding, we had to build a small solid-angle device. Think of a long telescope consisting of multiple magnets and detectors for tracking particles and determining what kind of species they are–protons, pions, kaons, etc.
SW: What physics did you hope to uncover looking at these angles so near the beamline?
We wanted to look at what we called the stopping of the incident nucleons. When the heavy ions are colliding, part of the initial kinetic energy they have is transformed to particle production and this mainly shows up in mid-rapidity and also creates this hot dense matter that we’ve been studying now for many years at RHIC. But this energy comes from the initial energy of the protons and neutrons, and we wanted to see where these initial protons and neutrons end up and to measure how much of the initial energy they lose in the collisions.
In fact, one of the first people to look at this and actually predict it, based on measurements of protons at low energy, was Wit Busza, the spokesperson of RHIC’s PHOBOS detector collaboration. Before the time we were proposing BRAHMS, back in 1984, he actually looked at this and made some rough predictions. So one of the important questions in the field was how this manifested itself, but that’s still only been a small piece of the totality of measurements that have been done by BRAHMS.
SW: And this was a different goal than trying to establish whether or not a quark-gluon plasma had been created, and what its characteristics were?
Yes, although in addition to this we would also have detector systems to sit near the center of mass, at the mid-rapidity, and study the hot dense matter as well there, and to see how far forward the effects of the matter can be observed.
SW: Did the detector change much between the proposal and RHIC turning on?
Not too much. It took a long time before we actually got approved, and there was one addition, to also measure particles near 90 degrees, but the experiment as it was built and completed in 2000 was pretty much how we always envisioned it.
Brookhaven National Laboratory’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is really two accelerators in one — made of crisscrossing rings of superconducting magnets, enclosed in a tunnel 2.4 miles in circumference. In the two rings, beams of heavy ions are accelerated to nearly the speed of light in opposite directions, held in their orbits by powerful magnetic fields. Shown here is an area near the BRAHMS experiment.
RHIC Tunnel
COURTESY OF BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY
Brookhaven National Laboratory’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is really two accelerators in one — made of crisscrossing rings of superconducting magnets, enclosed in a tunnel 2.4 miles in circumference. In the two rings, beams of heavy ions are accelerated to nearly the speed of light in opposite directions, held in their orbits by powerful magnetic fields. Shown here is an area near the BRAHMS experiment.
The interview series with Brookhaven National Labs >
Some of the detector technology was different, in particular the use of small Time Projection Chambers for precision tracking, but the basic idea about the physics goals was in place when we started and when we began taking data 10 years later. Although this does not imply that all the things we measured were actually foreseen when we started–there were a number of surprises there.
SW: What were the surprises?
In 2003, RHIC had a run in which it collided deuterons on gold nuclei. The main idea was to see what happened when we looked at the production of particles at relatively high-transverse momentum, near the center of mass, and to see whether there was a suppression or not in the deuteron-gold collisions compared to what would be predicted from proton-proton collisions. In the gold-gold collisions, in the two runs before that, a suppression had been observed. This is one of the first surprises that came out of RHIC. So this was, in one sense, a control experiment.
In addition Larry McLerran and Dmitri Kharzeev, theorists at Brookhaven, had also proposed the idea that if we looked at deuteron-gold collisions, as we move away from the central region to the more forward region, we should actually see a suppression, which we can think of the deuterons as probing the nuclear wave function much deeper into the parameter space. This idea is what was called the color glass condensate. So their notion was that we should see this suppression at forward rapidity even though we didn’t see it at mid-rapidity.
When we analyzed our data, we did in fact see such a suppression. That’s what started this whole discussion about this color glass condensate idea, and it led to some additional experiments that STAR actually carried out later.
SW: Okay, obvious question: what is a color glass condensate?
It’s a way of describing the nuclear wave function. If you look at the nuclear wave function in a framework where it’s moving, then you can describe that piece of the wave function as consisting of a lot of gluons, and the heavier the system is, and the faster it moves, the greater the density of gluons in that framework is
What we know is that there is a limit to this–that you cannot increase the density to infinity. At some point it has to become saturated, and that affects the particle production and results in this suppression. The publication reporting on this is the 2004 Physical Review Letters paper, ” Evolution of the nuclear modification factors with rapidity and centrality in d+Au collisions,” (Arsene I, et al., 93[24]: art. no. 242303).
SW: The most-cited of the BRAHMS papers is your white paper in Nuclear Physics A in 2005 (Arsene I, et al., “Quark-gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment,” 757[1-2]: 1-27). Tell us about these white papers and what was in the BRAHMS paper.
It was decided in discussions between then Associate Laboratory Director for Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Thomas Kirk, and the 4 spokespersons for the RHIC experiments that after four years of running that it would be good to gather what we had learned from RHIC so far, and we would discuss the data from the experiments that had either just been published or were ready to be published.
It took us maybe six months to write the paper. All the experiments agreed to a timetable, and then we prepared the papers independently, so no one knew what the other collaborations were writing or what they would conclude. We all met in June 2004 at a one-day meeting in Port Jefferson, NY, and each experiment presented the main findings in their paper. Then the papers were finished and submitted together to Nuclear Physics A.
At the time we started writing these papers, we had touched on a couple of these key measurements, mainly this suppression in gold-gold collisions relative to proton-proton, and we had explored this issue about stopping and suppression at forward angles in deuteron-gold collisions and that’s what we discussed. The other experiments had other significant measurements–the elliptic flow and the suppression of the production of high-momentum particles at mid-rapidity relative to expectations from elementary proton-proton collisions.
SW: The paper with the second most citations from BRAHMS is the 2003 article in Physical Review Letters on the transverse-momentum spectra (Arsene I, et al., ” Transverse-momentum spectra in Au plus Au and d plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV and the pseudorapidity dependence of high-p(T) suppression,” 91[7]: art. no. 072305). What was the story with this paper and what were you reporting here?
PHENIX Detector Under Construction. The PHENIX detector (shown here when under construction) at Brookhaven National Laboratory’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) records many different particles emerging from RHIC collisions, including photons, electrons, muons, and quark-containing particles called hadrons.
PHENIX Detector Under Construction
COURTESY OF BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY
The PHENIX detector (shown here when under construction) at Brookhaven National Laboratory’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) records many different particles emerging from RHIC collisions, including photons, electrons, muons, and quark-containing particles called hadrons.
The interview series with Brookhaven National Labs >
This is another simultaneous and joint publication of results from the RHIC experiments. This was the first reporting of results from the deuteron-gold collisions. That particular running of RHIC was early in 2003–January and February. All the experiments set out to analyze the data to see whether deuteron-gold showed any suppression of particle production near mid-rapidity or not as a control experiment for the earlier gold-gold runs.
In this paper, we reported the results of the non-suppression of deuteron-gold spectra at mid-rapidity compared to gold-gold, and the three other experiments showed similar results. It was joint confirmation that the hot and dense medium seen in gold-gold has features we did not expect–namely, that high-transverse-energy particles lose more energy than expected.
These results were presented at a joint colloquium at Brookhaven, and four papers–one from each experiment–were published in the same issue of Physical Review Letters.
SW: BRAHMS only ran for a few years after that. When was it retired and what physics did you do after the white paper was published?
We completed the experiment in 2005, with the exception of a small dedicated effort in 2006 to measure proton-proton collisions at lower energy. The top energy of RHIC is 200 GeV; this data was taken at 63 GeV, and the goal was to measure what’s called the spin-asymmetry in proton-proton collisions. In this case, we did it at very forward angles and high momentum.
We only started talking about this idea around 2000 as something that would be possible to do with RHIC within the BRAHMS experiment: a nice little measurement that fits into a completely different part of physics, this idea of transverse spin polarization.
SW: Where did the BRAHMS physicists go after the experiment was concluded?
Well, I was also group leader for the Brookhaven members of BRAHMS, and most of those physicists are now members of STAR. We had a number of foreign collaborators and institutes involved. We had people from Denmark, Norway, France, etc. Most of those are now working with the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We also had collaborators from the University of Kansas, and they’re now with the CMS experiment at the LHC.
SW: What do you consider the most challenging aspect of being a group leader in this kind of research?
Aerial view of Brookhaven National Laboratory taken in August 2007. The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (top, center) is 2.4 miles in circumference, and dominates Brookhaven’s 5,265-acre campus.
Brookhaven From The Air
COURTESY OF BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY
Aerial view of Brookhaven National Laboratory taken in August 2007. The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (top, center) is 2.4 miles in circumference, and dominates Brookhaven’s 5,265-acre campus.
The interview series with Brookhaven National Labs >
As the group leader and spokesperson, certainly one of the challenging aspects is to keep enough people focused on this experiment after the first three or four years of running. In the beginning everybody is enthusiastic, but then some groups start making other plans, and that takes away from the effort we can put into the experiment.
SW: Would you do something different with BRAHMS, would you have designed it differently, knowing what you now know about the physics?
I think so. If we had known in the beginning about this idea of doing these forward measurements of deuteron-gold collisions and also about the work in proton-proton physics, we could have designed the part of the detector sitting in the forward direction somewhat differently. It would have been nice to go back and see if we could increase the aperture of the detector by maybe a factor of 10 or so, and we could have made significant measurements in that direction.
But overall I think the technical execution of the experiment was good. It was nice detector technology. And I’m quite pleased with what we’ve accomplished with this small group of physicists. We were probably around 50 people total. And, you can see from the publications, we have seven or eight articles with more than 50 citations. Overall, we have close to 30 publications. We had 14 Ph.D. theses and maybe 20 Master’s theses.
It was a very productive time, although maybe it was a little long–you think about proposing the experiment in 1990 and you don’t start taking data until 2000. But of all the physics I’ve done in my career, these last fifteen years have been the most exciting.
SW: Now that the physics spotlight has moved over to CERN and the LHC do you have any regrets that you’re not involved with one of those experiments?
I did have a desire to work at the LHC. We started an effort where a number of people from Brookhaven were going to participate in the heavy-ion part of ATLAS since the high-energy physics group at the laboratory is a major player in that experiment. It was started at a low level and, in the end, it did not get sufficient support to be a strong effort. Brookhaven decided it should be a small effort, with just a few of the people from the heavy-ion groups at Brookhaven. Thus I decided instead to join the STAR experiment. STAR is an exciting experiment, and for the next several years there will still be exciting new physics coming out of RHIC.
Dr. Flemming Videbaek
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Upton, NY USA
Page: < 1 | 2 >
BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LAB’S MOST CURRENT MOST-CITED PAPER IN ESSENTIAL SCIENCE INDICATORS:
Yao WM, et al., “Review of particle physics,” J. Phys. G-Nucl. Particle Phys. 33(1): 1-+ Sp. Iss. SI July 2006 with 2,980 cites.
Most-cited paper on the BRAHMS experiment: Arsene I, et al., “Quark-gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment,” Nucl. Phys. A 757 (1-2): 1-27, 8 August 2005 with 554 cites.
Source: Essential Science Indicators from Thomson Reuters.
Menu for the institutional interview series with Brookhaven National Lab from the Special Topic of Hadron Colliders.
For some still-wilder stuff — look into the Femilab MINOS / NOVA project, which shoots ion beams underground for 500 miles to a detector in Minnesota. [url]https://startpage.com/do/search?query=ferminlab+minos+nova[/url] (( NuMI neutrino beam — info here [url]http://www-nova.fnal.gov/nova_experiment_print.html[/url] )) — so… at the WTC we have tons of gold, reportedly, stored in underground vaults. And now we have Fermilab, weaker than BNL, shooting underground ion beams. And we have ion beams formed from gold particle impacts. And we have BNL RHIC blaster buildings in straight-line alignment to WTC. Hmm. Was the WTC gold the target, either redirecting or being used up in some otherworldly reaction? HUTCHISON EFFECT notes the requirement for a high-voltage gradient (known as a side-effect of hurricanes and storms charging up the ionosphere, and on 9/11/2001 easily provided by nearby class-3 monster Hurricane Erin (strangely kept super-secret from all local news, but full details still available at noaa.gov) HUTCHISON EFFECT also notes the requirement of introducing high-frequency microwave interference into the high-voltage gradient field, to cause the molecular dissociation and physical disruption that probably best explains how 7 skyscrapers, well over 22 miles of industrial steel girders, and hundreds of millions of tons of concrete and aluminum were turned into nan-fine powder in mid-air within a few second, before ever hitting the earth.
It gets weirder with every look: Here’s FLEMMING VIDEBAEK, at BNL’s RHIC since 1990 (so he knew what was going on) — “Initially we wanted to look mainly at particle production and a broad range of angles. STAR and PHENIX, initially, measured particles around 90 degrees–or perpendicular to the direction of the colliding beams–with a large solid angle, near what is called mid-rapidity.” [url]http://archive.sciencewatch.com/ana/st/hadron/11febSThadBNL/[/url]— the very thing that you found pointing exactly 90 degrees to the WTC complex is the very thing that this guy admits produces particles at 90 degrees. Wow. Weirder, more convincing with every single look.