Since the reports of an increased incidence of ALS in Italian soccer players [2], and US professional football players [3], I had been suspicious about their exposure to TENS devices and electrical diathermy devices, because of the repeated reports [4-8] of the connection of ALS with electrical shocks and electrical environments. Three of 55 members of the 1964 San Francisco Forty-niners US
professional football club died of ALS [9] . The expected cases of ALS in 55 people followed for 30 years is 55 x 30 x 2.4 / 100,000 = 0.04, so the relative risk of ALS in this cluster was 3.0 / 0.04 or 75 times expected.
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